The region is perhaps best known as the world’s greatest stronghold of wild salmon, with all five Pacific salmon species abundant and widespread. Salmon drive the region’s ecology, economy and culture. The region routinely produces salmon runs that average 70 million and exceed 100 million in some years. A top travel destination for outdoor enthusiasts, thousands of tourists travel here each year for the world-class fishing opportunities and other nature-based adventures.
However, Southwest Alaska is at a crossroads. Geographic remoteness no longer protects the region from rapid change. Forces that have devastated wild salmon elsewhere around the world are now at work in Southwest Alaska. Private land development along rivers and lakes is the most pressing threat to salmon. Hundreds of private tracts, primarily Native allotments that until recently were used for hunting and fishing, are increasingly being converted to development.
Protecting a Legacy
In order to safeguard this fragile region, the Fund, working in partnership with the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Native corporations and others, launched the Southwest Alaska Salmon Habitat Initiative—a 10-year, multi-million dollar program to protect wild salmon and their habitat.
A grant from the Moore Foundation has allowed the Fund to pursue landscape-scale conservation easements on major salmon systems in the region, while conserving Native allotments through land acquisition or conservation easements. The Moore Foundation grant also carries a significant pledge to obtain matching funding. Other individuals and businesses are stepping up to provide the needed match. For example, the Bristol Bay Native Corporation has contributed $450,000 for the program over the past few years.
The Fund has engaged recreational outdoor equipment retailers and manufacturers, other businesses and the public to raise funding and support. We are also working to strengthen the activities and membership of the local land trust and the Southwest Alaska Salmon Habitat Partnership, a coalition of diverse interests and organizations working with the common goal of salmon habitat conservation.
With our partners, we have protected more than 104,000 acres in 102 highly strategic transitions to date.
Why This Project Matters
Native village and regional corporations own extensive holdings in these areas, including large tracts often exceeding 100,000 acres. Collectively, private lands comprise about 4.5 million acres, or 11 percent, of the region. Over the next few years, protection of key habitats, a small percentage of these lands, will largely determine the long-term ecological health of Southwest Alaska.
Alaska: Agulowak River In Wood-Tikchik State Park Photo courtesy U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Wood-Tikchik State Park was created for the purpose of protecting the area's fish and wildlife breeding and to support continued subsistence and recreational activities. This image shows the Agulowak River, which flows through the park for 4.5-miles from Lake Nerka to Lake Aleknagik. About 200,000 sockeye salmon spawn here and an additional 1.2 million salmon pass through to spawn in other waters in the park.
The Agulukpak connects the two large lakes of Wood-Tikchik State Park, Lake Beverley to Lake Nerka. Like the Agulowak, it is a major spawning area for sockeye salmon and supports a high density of rainbow trout and Dolly Varden. We're working to protect the conservation values of three Native allotments near the mouth of the river and one at the start.
Our previous work along the Agulukpak River includes acquiring a highly developable 160-acre tract that was subsequently donated to the Wood-Tikchik State Park for management with a conservation easement donated to the Nushagak-Mulchatna Wood-Tikchik Land Trust.
The Conservation Fund acquired nearly 8,500 acres at Izembek lagoon with funds from the Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund in 1999. The property was donated to the United States to be managed as part of the Izembek National Wildlife Refuge. Izembek is one of the world’s premier migratory bird habitats and is noted for its great assemblage of black brant, emperor and Canada geese, the threatened Steller’s eider and myriad shore birds. The property also includes several salmon streams, which support thousands of spawning salmon of all five species and are important to brown bears.
Appropriately named for salmon, Alaska's Lake Nerka is a popular salmon spawning spot and fishing destination. The area is also an important feeding area for brown bears. We've conserved land around the lake as well as the creeks and rivers that flow from it, including Elva Creek. Elva Lake and Creek form an important sockeye spawning system for tens of thousands of salmon and other fish. The public heavily uses the mouth of Elva Creek for subsistence, fishing and other recreation.